Operating System (O.S.)

Operating system is simply the program which helps to operate any system and its peripheral devices. It is the communicator between the user and the compute system. It create a friendly environment for the user and programmers. The relationship between user, hardware and software is established by the system software in use which is also called operating system software With out O.S. its like death machine. As computer did not work itself it need O.S. to operate. One of most common and world wide popular operating system are ms-dos, ms-windows, opera, Linux, q-dos etc. Among these all Ms-Dos and Ms- Windows is being used now a days.

Functions of O.S.

It control and coordinates to all the hardware components
It manages the computer's memory
It manages the computers resources
It provides the user friendly environment

Memory

Memory is the part of the computer on which data and program can be stored. When you switch on the computer its read the main memory or RAM (Random Access memory ) of the computer, Ram is know as primary memory of the computer. Then it seeks system files of o.s. to load in RAM. There are two types of memory (1) Random access memory (2) Rom (Read only memory )

Measuring unit of the memory

0=1bit
1=1bit
4 bits =1 nibble
8 bits = 1 byte
16 bits = 1 word
1024 bytes = 1 kilobyte (KB)
1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte (MB)
1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte (GB)

Booting the computer

Loading the system files of dos from the disk in the memory of the computer is called booting.

File

File
A file on a computer is the collection of related information. The file has a name called file name. a file name has 8 characters, 3 digit of extension separated by (.), it can have letters or numbers or both

Directory

A Directory is the disk of computer is a table of contents. A table content in our book contains the chapter name and page number, similarly a table content also called a directory of a computer, contains the filename, extension, date at which it was created, its location etc.

Logo Programming

Logo is a high level programming language in fact, Logo is the word which links "turtle" "children" and "computer " it provides a basic concept for the children when communicating with the computer. This language is Graphic oriented.

Basic programming

Brief history of Basic
There are different levels of programming language they are :
machine level
low level and
high level

Modes of operation

Basic can be operated in two modes. They are :
Direct mode= The commands and statement execute immediately after the enter key is pressed.Indirect mode = In this mode of Basic operation the programe is written with line numbers.